Wood Carving WHAT?
Wood carvings, wooden plates cut and scoop out the desired shape can be defined as. Gouge or scratch the phrase means a lot to deepen carving. The meaning of being left by mixing all along the cut surface of the flat-called because the figures carved in the wrong. French in this business, "de'copaqe" is called that is surrounded by cutting the tip out. Pencil carving is carved on a tree, they say in Turkish kabartılma and understandable müşebbek jobs.
However, something like a flat surface surrounded by carved figures made from the mean and meaning in the mix and what kind of business is a business that he does not explain adequately. When it is said of a table carved in relief tezyinatlı clear a table. The term does not refer to the right to cut the job. Mow and cut off pieces of the middle of something called the. For this reason, and the only way around by cutting jobs in the decorative cut-off would be appropriate to use tabirinin. Cutting board works fine just have to say is engraved or carved mukatta.
After discontinuation of a tree growing in the forest thought the end of his life, starts again with the art of wood carving ...
Cut into pieces, cut, harvested, new life, new takes on new tasks in the form. People will barrel, is embracing the seat, bed, frame, will the polls. Last journey of humankind, even accompanied by ...
Wood carving and decorating work at this stage it occurs, sometimes intertwined, sometimes very simple patterns, patterns, engraving pen, sometimes with a mallet, and sometimes they leave a mark on a nail can be done with everything.
Imagination, physical abilities with facility and hand the extent of expressing ourselves, our feelings of wood carving is a way of telling ...
HISTORY
Figure is a material easy to be a very old ages, is based on the art of forming ahşapa. Statues of wood shaped pyramids in Egypt were also found.
Common in Turkmenistan Turks on this art, Islamic motifs combine to Andalusia, Asian, European and African continents, has spread. Currently, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, are frequently encountered in countries such as the wooden motifs.
Turks living in Central Asia before Islam in the research works of sculpture, and carved ornaments were found. These works have affected the Chinese and Indian art. However, Islam does not allow the art of sculpture, between Muslims and Turks, have led to progress in the art of wood carving.
Turks accepted Islam after the carving art has developed more than in Turkestan. Later, the Great Seljuk Empire constituted the dominant architectural works in countries where labor tezyinatında the carving took place widely in the art of carving, especially Turkmenistan has also long lasting. Then the Seljuk palace, a mosque, the mosque and used it as a complex of structures, such as decorative.
Although attention has been given the period of Anatolian Seljuk tile tezyinatına, ehemmiyetini also has preserved the art of carving and Erzurum, Harput, Beysehir, large centers like Konya, the most beautiful examples of this art were created. The decorative motifs of this period are decorated with tiles sas characters alone, such as geometric shapes rather constituted.
Ebony, walnut, apple, pear, cedar, rosewood, pine and so on. on trees, such as carving, inlay, painting, collision (kükdekari) and driving (kafisi job) wood adorned with examples of techniques such as the Seljuks achieved a higher level in this area reveals. Flat field deep engraving, deep carving round surfaced, curved cutting, carving reticulated (open-work) oyam techniques, such as pieces adorned with a flat-surfaced, such as inlay and embossed inlaid inlaid inlaid and embossed decorated examples of techniques such as inlay, painting flat surfaces, embossed surfaces, such as painting painting techniques and kundekari, false kundekari every technique works made by techniques such as the collision indicates that a rich repertoire.
Blade, the surface perpendicular to the floor holding deep carving worked flat field, using the knife and the surface applied free-hand movements with special attention to be round round surfaced deep carving, made by subtracting the specific elements of the ground surface is more deeply carved, lacy look that deep carved reticulated (open-work) with the documents the legs adorned with masters' hand skill.
In the time of the Ottoman Empire, the art of wood carving reached its highest level. Rumi and error we call flower, vegetable and animals occurring in the Removal of a stylized decorative motifs used. Inner and outer parts of the architectural works by the masters of this art is decorated.
The main application areas with the cushions of the mihrab in the mosque and shrines, mosques and madrasahs used lecterns, King thrones, tomb stones, doors, windows, cabinet doors, chairs, jewelry boxes, wooden cradles, table mats, carved decorations, fountains, has become trunks. Household drawers, crates of merchandise, such as ornaments, various architectural works in the inner parts of the text by calligraphers are Masters of this art in the writings of those who applied on wood.
During the reign of the Ottoman Empire, then the board oymacılığına naht also said to have been attributed to this art erbabına "nahhât" means People of ancient books and other records Hiref is not a coincidence. For this reason, we do not know wood carving sanatkarlarına was issued a special name. Rather than as a material for carvers in the works of Turkish boxwood, linden, oak and walnut trees benefited.
Widespread use of the 19th century, the art of wood carving. Bitlis, Bursa, Gaziantep, Istanbul (Beykoz), and Zonguldak provinces, such as wood material mainly used in the sectors have emerged.
Today, however, wood carving mastery decreased day by day, a mosque minberlerinde oyamların used in place of wood, painted patterns was the lack of a master. In some parts of Anatolia are being performed by very few craftsmen left, collects some of the universities interested in parts of the sculpture. In addition, under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Craft Training Center in Duzce, there are studies.
PREPARATION
Wood Selection
Wood carving is an art that can be easily and inexpensively. First of all, wood selection is made. Wood selection is enabled by several factors, according to general features of the tree. These are as follows:
1 - hardness of the trees, a weight is not the same one.
2 - A number of easy-cut trees, planed and painted.
3 - A number of fast bends or bend the trees.
4 - Some of the tops of the trees pürüzlenir, tiftiklenir.
In addition, selected trees fineness, thickness, and the vessels of the tree (liferinin) flow direction, on the spots and the size of smallness, lightness and darkness of the color of the importance given to the carving work is more pleasant to the eye.
Use of the saw Hair
Motif is drawn on the board areas outside the environmental section of the cutting process is very easy. But the motif of the remaining places to try and cut the inside of the hair is required to be opening up a hole saw to pass.
With the help of hand drill hole opens. You saw that passed saw the hair thoroughly prepared by stretching, cutting through the arm of the business is prepared to be kept upright.
To keep the saw upright;
there is a flat-blade forward,
b-saw is not tilted backwards,
c-saw to the right and left lying there,
d-saw cutting the surface of the vertical clamp to the top of the handle by hand-held,
e-saw arm to touch the back of the body,
f-Shoulder-arm to the elbow portion of which is attached to the body,
g-part of your elbow up and down until we moved in an orderly fashion should be considered.
Hardness of both the board and the saw blade during the cutting board and use the shape of a warm-up because of failure occurs. Ede because without the movement of the saw will weigh from Heat. To avoid this slowdown due to movement of the hand in order to expand space or table sıkıştırılabilecek tazgaha help in the form of the letter V on the counter replacement could be required.
Used knives
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Rounding the corner with a knife
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V-shaped channel to open the instrument for
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TYPES
Oymacılığını tree cutting carving, figure carving surface carving, and of course he will examine the 3 groups.
1. Cut Cut (vertical cut) (Isolated items)
: Plywood on both sides of this type of study, or a massive cut from the same vertical çıkartılmasıdır.Keserek undermine the sample; tugra, a thick piece of vb.Belli drawn on the back seat saw a hair ornament, mouse tail, saw, jigsaw and is freeing. Cage sides, the chest board oud sound hole cover, cabinet and furniture decorated with some of the surfaces of the frame used in the construction.
These items can stay straight face again, like a great oyulur style. Saw this die-cut shapes made with the pouring of a surface, the name of this piece is used yapıştırılıp wall, (paste from the top) is called the working style of the applique. Usulüdür easy applique work. Lamp to the depth of the image is specified, copy the shape from a sheet after the surface of the outer and middle parts of the tree will be discharged with appropriate saw parts. The saw will cut the amount you need pieces of the same piece of wall, put paper glued between them. After the glue has dried, cut. Merge the work is done is done carefully with wire nails.
Pen knife or divided into parts that are cut straight. Beneath them, clean sheets. Marked surfaces of the parts to be used. Wrapping paper glued to an extent on the work of a tree. More out of the glue underneath the parts here, without leaving the driving to places referred to previously placed. Carefully squeezed through with a piece. After the glue has dried, cleaned and processed aside the excess glue. Grinding and polishing are completed they are to be made. Sharp thin knife or a flat pencil is removed. Bottoms cleaned and where necessary shall be determined by glue or nails.
2. Surface Carving (Relief): Wood surface to be only a certain movement patterns or shapes are used to give the main lines. Triangular or U can be classified under. This work is polished, painted on a surface of a raw surface after processing can be realized by making the necessary paint-varnish finishes. If necessary, this pencil lines (channels) color paint, glitter, etc. may be modified by.
Examined in two ways:
a-low-surface engraving (low relief): Depth not exceeding three to four outer surface reliefs. Border-leaf motif, a certain style to do so without losing the main points should be made. Otherwise, the results give a bland style of working is possible at any moment. With easy to clean and polished look is always applied after the polite style. Easier cleaning of dust due to their shallow carving also provides the possibility of being chosen.
b-high surface carving (high relief): Chest above, the seat handle and moving deeper into the work surface as a way of rölyeflendirmeler.Alçak. Committed more vital motives. 19 The most characteristic example of century is occurring in the gothic style. These days, such as your use of this style to work so expensive as to be quite difficult. Deep clean the tree ornaments with various aspects of continuous processing of the accumulated dust and requires you to use extreme care, since the resistance is very low.
* Deep-flat field carving: wood, wooden surface of this group represents the same level on a flat surface. The motifs are indicated by the surface-deep carving. Ibid some motifs of this technique, some of the later introduced the "round-surfaced deep carving" dealt with examples abound. Ankara Aladdin köşelikleri pulpit front door, (1197-98), the pulpit of Malatya Ulu Mosque (13th Century), the Great Mosque of Kayseri pulpit door badges (1205), Amasya Twisted pulpit in the mosque minaret inscription (13th Century), Hacı Bayram Veli door of the tomb (15.Asır), Aksehir Kileci mosque window cover (14-15. Asir) İlisra Great Mosque of the inner door (14.Asır), Ankara, Turkey, Ahi Serafettin Sarcophagus (1350) provides examples of this technique.
Deep Carved Round *- surfaced: In particular, inscriptions, writings, arabesque décor, and gives a very rich look, this is the most common group undulating relief woodwork processed to form a rounded surface. In some instances, very high relief and openwork gives the effect of labor. Abundant examples of Islamic art, the first 11 century Fatimid woodwork we have seen in Anatolia and the region of each cycle, the various types of materials used in the round-surfaced for the deep carving technique include the following examples. The pulpit of Siirt Ulu Mosque writings (13 per Century), the door of the mosque in Ankara Kızılbey (13.Asır), Kızılbey Mosque throne (Ethnographical Museum 3.Keyhüsrev 1264-83), Ankara Aslanhane mosque door sides of the pulpit (1289), the artifact Mosque pulpit writings (1228-29), Kaykavus rahlesi (Istanbul Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum), Birgi window wings, some of the Great Mosque.
*- Double Layer Relief Technique: In particular, inscriptions, writings, and used this technique, which is a very rich appearance, mentioned earlier, used a combination of the two relief technique. Usually underlying, deep-carved arabesque or spirals with flat field which make up the decor, decoration is a round top writing surfaced treated with deep carving. Aladdin Mosque in Ankara, according to the pulpit of this inscription is a good example.
*- Curve Cutting Technique (Mail Cutting Technique): Eurasia and Central Asia which is originating in the Scythian wood, metal, bone and metalworking developed this technique in Samarra 9.asır Turkish soldiers through the wood and plaster craftsmanship Abbasi, 11 Ghazni centuries of Islamic art have been referred to by entering the wood craftsmanship. Seljuks of Iran plaster, stonework of the Anatolian Seljuks also common figures in this technical, rather than the earlier examples of Anatolian woodwork more impressive by a stylized half-palmette motifs. In this technique, the surfaces reliefli surfaces intersecting each other goes deeper. Sare Ermenek Babe (12.Asır) the Great Mosque in Aksaray minberlerinde fills the inner side of the cage on the pulpit aynalıklardaki geometric border around the tip of the shoe part of the technique, half-palmette was committed volütlü attracts attention.
The Abbasid caliphs 9 century founded the city of Samarra and Central Asia can be found at StuK tezyinatının a large animal which constitutes an important element in the style popular technique in Samarra to be found. Prof. R. .. Ettinghausen, engaging, and comprehensive technical article, e-mail sector in Iraq, Syria, Iran, Egypt, Palestine, Afghanistan, Anatolia and North Africa, 10-14, dating back to a century has shown several examples. This style has been described as his stage, and changes. Prof. Ettinghausen Anatolia as an example, today in Ankara Ethnography Museum of the Great Mosque of Malatya is Mimberini.
It is possible to add a few more Mimberine mimberini Anatolian Malatya Ulu Mosque. Samarra is a way which reflects the purest style of cutting, and surface mail processing, motifs that occur between the complementary shapes of this state, it is the closest example, is the only example on the stone walls of Konya, known as the infamous (angel) figures at the crown. This pattern he had left was the floor. Participated in a complementary pattern shapes in the ground.
"True," the only representative of this alongside other works in Anatolia, the style of Samarra, has changed the style of a step göterirler Samarra. E-mail with a deep cut in a cutting almost merge, creating a separate style of wood carving. Lala Pasha Mosque in Kayseri mimberinden palmettes a border on the middle axis, and how they frame the long-drawn-out, although the deep ground strokes that seem noteworthy example occurred. However, Rumi, and the top surfaces completely yivlenip palmettes sliced and plastic, each value on its own as a winning gövdecilik Harput (Elazığ) in the side surfaces Mimberinin Sareh Hatun Mosque, Grand Mosque of Malatya broad bands, such as the balcony is divided into various Poligono sahacıklara. Which correspond to the surfaces of Malatya mimberinde rectangular pentagonal and hexagonal sahacıklar mimberinde Sareh Babe. Combine them into four broad bands around mimberinde Malatya field carrying a large polygon of six Mimberinde Sareh Babe pentagon, a hexagon, uniting around the larger groups, they constitute the middle.
12 All of these works century belongs to the Anatolian Seljuk art. Samarra in Anatolia at this time in a way that develops its own unique style of cutting-mail and all that constitutes a very secretive style of carving a tree that can be estimated. Elaboration of all the features of this style come out and copied in recognition of the work would be very desirable.
3. Of course, Figure Carving: This kind of carving statues rather than fall into traşçılığa. (Three-dimensional carving, sculpture, spoons, musical instruments, such as sculptures). The most difficult technique of wood engraving. Of course, to be able to figure carved on them is essential to have enough knowledge of anatomy and biology. Because of this carving, is carving a sculpture. Subject to be processed to the shape of nature and vivid characters. The three dimensions are also available.
States of the twentieth century most of the ancient Assyrians and Egyptians, in the long centuries, the artisans of the palaces of the state's furniture şahlarına elders allow this technique to fit the proportion used in süsleyebilmek concern. For example, the former chair of corn, a variety of animal and human head and feet, as the crown of the king and queen of furniture, sculptures, scenes of warfare during this era and see a variety of furniture and architecture, such as column headings in subsequent eras of human-shaped columns (Karyetit) a variety of religious and mythological scenes today are highly processed Even the rich art historical museum in the house and see the furniture.
4. Machine Carving: Hand carving and take a long time due to the high cost of mechanization in this field were made.
a. Copy (Pantograph) machine, the engraving:
Pantograph engraving machine with the help mold the desired shape of the surface covered. Takes place as soon as possible rather fretwork. Advanced computerized pantograph machines to see recently.
b. Print (Press) carving:
Butter carving patterns occur in the machine oyulacak presleyip places. Oyulacak higher in deeper part remains. Method of press-carved floral applique in the form of leaves and so on. forms are produced. These motives can be mounted on the desired surfaces, nails or glue.
5. Plastic carvings: custom molding carvings made polyesteriyle. A separate tricky task. Industries are working in this field in the market. Is a sector in itself. Engraving plastic construction is as follows:
First, the trees on the shape oyulur, carved into the shape used as a mold, mold carved to shape, smooth emergence verniklenir. After the varnish has dried on the mold release agent is applied. Then the mold is poured over the prepared mixture of polyester casting. After a certain period of time separated from the mold. Separated from the mold from the shape of our main kalıbımızdır polyester. If you have broken during the separation was repaired where the mold is made ready for use. On the basis of the mold release agent is applied after a certain period of time which is prepared on the cast iron is poured into polyester. Polyester can be reinforced with glass fibers. This way is more durable and robust. Polyester is removed after a certain period of freezing. Thus the desired shape is obtained.
Processing Techniques Used in Wood Carving Art
Inlay: Intarsia Oyulabilecek on the nature of any material, the desired shapes carved out of the opening slots, other items, carved into a shape-cut pieces kakarak same thing, the job placement. Some parts of the wood carving of a mine or other items more valuable parts of this carved carved pieces cut to shape, by burying the pieces inlaid with marquetry gerçekleşir.Üzerinde, duties shall take place according to the architectural structures. A mosque in the doors, window shutters, pulpit, lectern, lecterns wood parts on the board, such as pearl, ivory, tortoise shell inlay as seen in, the pulpit, altar, pulpit, and the same article of the other colors on the walls of marble or stone or other materials made kakılarak jobs mümkündür.Eskiden to see the film, the bar, always some items, such as a cane decorated with inlay. Them by type of inlay, gold, silver, inlaid with mother of pearl or ivory were called. Knives, swords, daggers, shields and weapons such as guns or inlaid with gold and ornaments were made.
Painting
Tapping
Relief-carved,
Cage: (Afur Technique): Especially pulpits pulpit, this technique is sometimes seen in parts of the crown, wood beams, geometric triangles, stars and so on. is obtained by nailing together in a way that will bring. This woodwork is possible to collect the two groups.
* Simple Lattice Technique: These examples are more common. Collision between the decorative another piece added to the cage. Ankara Kızılbey, Aslanhane, Ahielvan, Beysehir Eşrafoğlu, Birgi Ulu Mosque, the pulpit railings, pulpit Aynalığında Taskinpasa Urgup, Kayseri Lala Pasha Mosque, one can see several examples of this technique in the side aynalıklarında
* Inter-Filled Cage Technique: wooden beams of this group of labor in the arabesque lattice filled polygons, stars enters. Thus, more rich-looking cages. Ankara, Aladdin, the artifact, Kayseri Huand Babe, Çorum Grand Mosque is a composition richer with foldable handrail into nested polygons.
Plated
Incineration
Dressing tool handles Shapes and Drawings:
Prepare to be carved in the form:
Figure is drawn up on paper with fine details, the drawing must be done with a fine-tipped pen. Tool handles and preparation;
a: depth of masonry should be made by the shadows on the picture. Determines the depth of the darkness of the shadow.
b. The details must be drawn up in some parts as needed.
c. Plaster and similar materials should be made in advance on the example of Fig.
d. Amateur people do engraving carved items, operating locations and methods of carving is to know well.
Intaglio Marking:
Marking meters, square, compasses, pen, draw and so on. done with the help of instruments. Shape to be drawn, carved on wood with the help of these instruments are drawn on paper or cardboard. Paper or cardboard on the image is transferred onto the material with carbon paper. Series of works marking is used cardboard. Required marking locations are determined, places unnecessary emptied so that a template is created. Shall be determined on the material extracted from the template form to be processed. Is a fine-tipped marking pen or çizecekle.
Embellishment Embellishment tool handles and shapes:
He made to decorate the surface of a flat or anything painted or unpainted relief consisting of a combination of shapes is called composition ornament. Parts of this composition is called the Motif Embellishment. Decorative patterns were as
a. Repetition of the same shape, side by side
b. Search for a repetition of the motifs with
c. Repetition of the same shape as the symmetric
d. Upgrading or reduction of the motifs
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Wood carvings, wooden plates cut and scoop out the desired shape can be defined as. Gouge or scratch the phrase means a lot to deepen carving. The meaning of being left by mixing all along the cut surface of the flat-called because the figures carved in the wrong. French in this business, "de'copaqe" is called that is surrounded by cutting the tip out. Pencil carving is carved on a tree, they say in Turkish kabartılma and understandable müşebbek jobs.
However, something like a flat surface surrounded by carved figures made from the mean and meaning in the mix and what kind of business is a business that he does not explain adequately. When it is said of a table carved in relief tezyinatlı clear a table. The term does not refer to the right to cut the job. Mow and cut off pieces of the middle of something called the. For this reason, and the only way around by cutting jobs in the decorative cut-off would be appropriate to use tabirinin. Cutting board works fine just have to say is engraved or carved mukatta.
After discontinuation of a tree growing in the forest thought the end of his life, starts again with the art of wood carving ...
Cut into pieces, cut, harvested, new life, new takes on new tasks in the form. People will barrel, is embracing the seat, bed, frame, will the polls. Last journey of humankind, even accompanied by ...
Wood carving and decorating work at this stage it occurs, sometimes intertwined, sometimes very simple patterns, patterns, engraving pen, sometimes with a mallet, and sometimes they leave a mark on a nail can be done with everything.
Imagination, physical abilities with facility and hand the extent of expressing ourselves, our feelings of wood carving is a way of telling ...
HISTORY
Figure is a material easy to be a very old ages, is based on the art of forming ahşapa. Statues of wood shaped pyramids in Egypt were also found.
Common in Turkmenistan Turks on this art, Islamic motifs combine to Andalusia, Asian, European and African continents, has spread. Currently, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, are frequently encountered in countries such as the wooden motifs.
Turks living in Central Asia before Islam in the research works of sculpture, and carved ornaments were found. These works have affected the Chinese and Indian art. However, Islam does not allow the art of sculpture, between Muslims and Turks, have led to progress in the art of wood carving.
Turks accepted Islam after the carving art has developed more than in Turkestan. Later, the Great Seljuk Empire constituted the dominant architectural works in countries where labor tezyinatında the carving took place widely in the art of carving, especially Turkmenistan has also long lasting. Then the Seljuk palace, a mosque, the mosque and used it as a complex of structures, such as decorative.
Although attention has been given the period of Anatolian Seljuk tile tezyinatına, ehemmiyetini also has preserved the art of carving and Erzurum, Harput, Beysehir, large centers like Konya, the most beautiful examples of this art were created. The decorative motifs of this period are decorated with tiles sas characters alone, such as geometric shapes rather constituted.
Ebony, walnut, apple, pear, cedar, rosewood, pine and so on. on trees, such as carving, inlay, painting, collision (kükdekari) and driving (kafisi job) wood adorned with examples of techniques such as the Seljuks achieved a higher level in this area reveals. Flat field deep engraving, deep carving round surfaced, curved cutting, carving reticulated (open-work) oyam techniques, such as pieces adorned with a flat-surfaced, such as inlay and embossed inlaid inlaid inlaid and embossed decorated examples of techniques such as inlay, painting flat surfaces, embossed surfaces, such as painting painting techniques and kundekari, false kundekari every technique works made by techniques such as the collision indicates that a rich repertoire.
Blade, the surface perpendicular to the floor holding deep carving worked flat field, using the knife and the surface applied free-hand movements with special attention to be round round surfaced deep carving, made by subtracting the specific elements of the ground surface is more deeply carved, lacy look that deep carved reticulated (open-work) with the documents the legs adorned with masters' hand skill.
In the time of the Ottoman Empire, the art of wood carving reached its highest level. Rumi and error we call flower, vegetable and animals occurring in the Removal of a stylized decorative motifs used. Inner and outer parts of the architectural works by the masters of this art is decorated.
The main application areas with the cushions of the mihrab in the mosque and shrines, mosques and madrasahs used lecterns, King thrones, tomb stones, doors, windows, cabinet doors, chairs, jewelry boxes, wooden cradles, table mats, carved decorations, fountains, has become trunks. Household drawers, crates of merchandise, such as ornaments, various architectural works in the inner parts of the text by calligraphers are Masters of this art in the writings of those who applied on wood.
During the reign of the Ottoman Empire, then the board oymacılığına naht also said to have been attributed to this art erbabına "nahhât" means People of ancient books and other records Hiref is not a coincidence. For this reason, we do not know wood carving sanatkarlarına was issued a special name. Rather than as a material for carvers in the works of Turkish boxwood, linden, oak and walnut trees benefited.
Widespread use of the 19th century, the art of wood carving. Bitlis, Bursa, Gaziantep, Istanbul (Beykoz), and Zonguldak provinces, such as wood material mainly used in the sectors have emerged.
Today, however, wood carving mastery decreased day by day, a mosque minberlerinde oyamların used in place of wood, painted patterns was the lack of a master. In some parts of Anatolia are being performed by very few craftsmen left, collects some of the universities interested in parts of the sculpture. In addition, under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Craft Training Center in Duzce, there are studies.
PREPARATION
Wood Selection
Wood carving is an art that can be easily and inexpensively. First of all, wood selection is made. Wood selection is enabled by several factors, according to general features of the tree. These are as follows:
1 - hardness of the trees, a weight is not the same one.
2 - A number of easy-cut trees, planed and painted.
3 - A number of fast bends or bend the trees.
4 - Some of the tops of the trees pürüzlenir, tiftiklenir.
In addition, selected trees fineness, thickness, and the vessels of the tree (liferinin) flow direction, on the spots and the size of smallness, lightness and darkness of the color of the importance given to the carving work is more pleasant to the eye.
Use of the saw Hair
Motif is drawn on the board areas outside the environmental section of the cutting process is very easy. But the motif of the remaining places to try and cut the inside of the hair is required to be opening up a hole saw to pass.
With the help of hand drill hole opens. You saw that passed saw the hair thoroughly prepared by stretching, cutting through the arm of the business is prepared to be kept upright.
To keep the saw upright;
there is a flat-blade forward,
b-saw is not tilted backwards,
c-saw to the right and left lying there,
d-saw cutting the surface of the vertical clamp to the top of the handle by hand-held,
e-saw arm to touch the back of the body,
f-Shoulder-arm to the elbow portion of which is attached to the body,
g-part of your elbow up and down until we moved in an orderly fashion should be considered.
Hardness of both the board and the saw blade during the cutting board and use the shape of a warm-up because of failure occurs. Ede because without the movement of the saw will weigh from Heat. To avoid this slowdown due to movement of the hand in order to expand space or table sıkıştırılabilecek tazgaha help in the form of the letter V on the counter replacement could be required.
Used knives
This image is scaled down to fit on your screen. You can see the bigger picture by clicking on this area. Original dimensions 800x423 and the image size 85KB.
Rounding the corner with a knife
This image is scaled down to fit on your screen. You can see the bigger picture by clicking on this area. Original dimensions 800x551 and the image size 54KB.
V-shaped channel to open the instrument for
This image is scaled down to fit on your screen. You can see the bigger picture by clicking on this area. Original dimensions 588x600 and the image size 58KB.
TYPES
Oymacılığını tree cutting carving, figure carving surface carving, and of course he will examine the 3 groups.
1. Cut Cut (vertical cut) (Isolated items)
: Plywood on both sides of this type of study, or a massive cut from the same vertical çıkartılmasıdır.Keserek undermine the sample; tugra, a thick piece of vb.Belli drawn on the back seat saw a hair ornament, mouse tail, saw, jigsaw and is freeing. Cage sides, the chest board oud sound hole cover, cabinet and furniture decorated with some of the surfaces of the frame used in the construction.
These items can stay straight face again, like a great oyulur style. Saw this die-cut shapes made with the pouring of a surface, the name of this piece is used yapıştırılıp wall, (paste from the top) is called the working style of the applique. Usulüdür easy applique work. Lamp to the depth of the image is specified, copy the shape from a sheet after the surface of the outer and middle parts of the tree will be discharged with appropriate saw parts. The saw will cut the amount you need pieces of the same piece of wall, put paper glued between them. After the glue has dried, cut. Merge the work is done is done carefully with wire nails.
Pen knife or divided into parts that are cut straight. Beneath them, clean sheets. Marked surfaces of the parts to be used. Wrapping paper glued to an extent on the work of a tree. More out of the glue underneath the parts here, without leaving the driving to places referred to previously placed. Carefully squeezed through with a piece. After the glue has dried, cleaned and processed aside the excess glue. Grinding and polishing are completed they are to be made. Sharp thin knife or a flat pencil is removed. Bottoms cleaned and where necessary shall be determined by glue or nails.
2. Surface Carving (Relief): Wood surface to be only a certain movement patterns or shapes are used to give the main lines. Triangular or U can be classified under. This work is polished, painted on a surface of a raw surface after processing can be realized by making the necessary paint-varnish finishes. If necessary, this pencil lines (channels) color paint, glitter, etc. may be modified by.
Examined in two ways:
a-low-surface engraving (low relief): Depth not exceeding three to four outer surface reliefs. Border-leaf motif, a certain style to do so without losing the main points should be made. Otherwise, the results give a bland style of working is possible at any moment. With easy to clean and polished look is always applied after the polite style. Easier cleaning of dust due to their shallow carving also provides the possibility of being chosen.
b-high surface carving (high relief): Chest above, the seat handle and moving deeper into the work surface as a way of rölyeflendirmeler.Alçak. Committed more vital motives. 19 The most characteristic example of century is occurring in the gothic style. These days, such as your use of this style to work so expensive as to be quite difficult. Deep clean the tree ornaments with various aspects of continuous processing of the accumulated dust and requires you to use extreme care, since the resistance is very low.
* Deep-flat field carving: wood, wooden surface of this group represents the same level on a flat surface. The motifs are indicated by the surface-deep carving. Ibid some motifs of this technique, some of the later introduced the "round-surfaced deep carving" dealt with examples abound. Ankara Aladdin köşelikleri pulpit front door, (1197-98), the pulpit of Malatya Ulu Mosque (13th Century), the Great Mosque of Kayseri pulpit door badges (1205), Amasya Twisted pulpit in the mosque minaret inscription (13th Century), Hacı Bayram Veli door of the tomb (15.Asır), Aksehir Kileci mosque window cover (14-15. Asir) İlisra Great Mosque of the inner door (14.Asır), Ankara, Turkey, Ahi Serafettin Sarcophagus (1350) provides examples of this technique.
Deep Carved Round *- surfaced: In particular, inscriptions, writings, arabesque décor, and gives a very rich look, this is the most common group undulating relief woodwork processed to form a rounded surface. In some instances, very high relief and openwork gives the effect of labor. Abundant examples of Islamic art, the first 11 century Fatimid woodwork we have seen in Anatolia and the region of each cycle, the various types of materials used in the round-surfaced for the deep carving technique include the following examples. The pulpit of Siirt Ulu Mosque writings (13 per Century), the door of the mosque in Ankara Kızılbey (13.Asır), Kızılbey Mosque throne (Ethnographical Museum 3.Keyhüsrev 1264-83), Ankara Aslanhane mosque door sides of the pulpit (1289), the artifact Mosque pulpit writings (1228-29), Kaykavus rahlesi (Istanbul Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum), Birgi window wings, some of the Great Mosque.
*- Double Layer Relief Technique: In particular, inscriptions, writings, and used this technique, which is a very rich appearance, mentioned earlier, used a combination of the two relief technique. Usually underlying, deep-carved arabesque or spirals with flat field which make up the decor, decoration is a round top writing surfaced treated with deep carving. Aladdin Mosque in Ankara, according to the pulpit of this inscription is a good example.
*- Curve Cutting Technique (Mail Cutting Technique): Eurasia and Central Asia which is originating in the Scythian wood, metal, bone and metalworking developed this technique in Samarra 9.asır Turkish soldiers through the wood and plaster craftsmanship Abbasi, 11 Ghazni centuries of Islamic art have been referred to by entering the wood craftsmanship. Seljuks of Iran plaster, stonework of the Anatolian Seljuks also common figures in this technical, rather than the earlier examples of Anatolian woodwork more impressive by a stylized half-palmette motifs. In this technique, the surfaces reliefli surfaces intersecting each other goes deeper. Sare Ermenek Babe (12.Asır) the Great Mosque in Aksaray minberlerinde fills the inner side of the cage on the pulpit aynalıklardaki geometric border around the tip of the shoe part of the technique, half-palmette was committed volütlü attracts attention.
The Abbasid caliphs 9 century founded the city of Samarra and Central Asia can be found at StuK tezyinatının a large animal which constitutes an important element in the style popular technique in Samarra to be found. Prof. R. .. Ettinghausen, engaging, and comprehensive technical article, e-mail sector in Iraq, Syria, Iran, Egypt, Palestine, Afghanistan, Anatolia and North Africa, 10-14, dating back to a century has shown several examples. This style has been described as his stage, and changes. Prof. Ettinghausen Anatolia as an example, today in Ankara Ethnography Museum of the Great Mosque of Malatya is Mimberini.
It is possible to add a few more Mimberine mimberini Anatolian Malatya Ulu Mosque. Samarra is a way which reflects the purest style of cutting, and surface mail processing, motifs that occur between the complementary shapes of this state, it is the closest example, is the only example on the stone walls of Konya, known as the infamous (angel) figures at the crown. This pattern he had left was the floor. Participated in a complementary pattern shapes in the ground.
"True," the only representative of this alongside other works in Anatolia, the style of Samarra, has changed the style of a step göterirler Samarra. E-mail with a deep cut in a cutting almost merge, creating a separate style of wood carving. Lala Pasha Mosque in Kayseri mimberinden palmettes a border on the middle axis, and how they frame the long-drawn-out, although the deep ground strokes that seem noteworthy example occurred. However, Rumi, and the top surfaces completely yivlenip palmettes sliced and plastic, each value on its own as a winning gövdecilik Harput (Elazığ) in the side surfaces Mimberinin Sareh Hatun Mosque, Grand Mosque of Malatya broad bands, such as the balcony is divided into various Poligono sahacıklara. Which correspond to the surfaces of Malatya mimberinde rectangular pentagonal and hexagonal sahacıklar mimberinde Sareh Babe. Combine them into four broad bands around mimberinde Malatya field carrying a large polygon of six Mimberinde Sareh Babe pentagon, a hexagon, uniting around the larger groups, they constitute the middle.
12 All of these works century belongs to the Anatolian Seljuk art. Samarra in Anatolia at this time in a way that develops its own unique style of cutting-mail and all that constitutes a very secretive style of carving a tree that can be estimated. Elaboration of all the features of this style come out and copied in recognition of the work would be very desirable.
3. Of course, Figure Carving: This kind of carving statues rather than fall into traşçılığa. (Three-dimensional carving, sculpture, spoons, musical instruments, such as sculptures). The most difficult technique of wood engraving. Of course, to be able to figure carved on them is essential to have enough knowledge of anatomy and biology. Because of this carving, is carving a sculpture. Subject to be processed to the shape of nature and vivid characters. The three dimensions are also available.
States of the twentieth century most of the ancient Assyrians and Egyptians, in the long centuries, the artisans of the palaces of the state's furniture şahlarına elders allow this technique to fit the proportion used in süsleyebilmek concern. For example, the former chair of corn, a variety of animal and human head and feet, as the crown of the king and queen of furniture, sculptures, scenes of warfare during this era and see a variety of furniture and architecture, such as column headings in subsequent eras of human-shaped columns (Karyetit) a variety of religious and mythological scenes today are highly processed Even the rich art historical museum in the house and see the furniture.
4. Machine Carving: Hand carving and take a long time due to the high cost of mechanization in this field were made.
a. Copy (Pantograph) machine, the engraving:
Pantograph engraving machine with the help mold the desired shape of the surface covered. Takes place as soon as possible rather fretwork. Advanced computerized pantograph machines to see recently.
b. Print (Press) carving:
Butter carving patterns occur in the machine oyulacak presleyip places. Oyulacak higher in deeper part remains. Method of press-carved floral applique in the form of leaves and so on. forms are produced. These motives can be mounted on the desired surfaces, nails or glue.
5. Plastic carvings: custom molding carvings made polyesteriyle. A separate tricky task. Industries are working in this field in the market. Is a sector in itself. Engraving plastic construction is as follows:
First, the trees on the shape oyulur, carved into the shape used as a mold, mold carved to shape, smooth emergence verniklenir. After the varnish has dried on the mold release agent is applied. Then the mold is poured over the prepared mixture of polyester casting. After a certain period of time separated from the mold. Separated from the mold from the shape of our main kalıbımızdır polyester. If you have broken during the separation was repaired where the mold is made ready for use. On the basis of the mold release agent is applied after a certain period of time which is prepared on the cast iron is poured into polyester. Polyester can be reinforced with glass fibers. This way is more durable and robust. Polyester is removed after a certain period of freezing. Thus the desired shape is obtained.
Processing Techniques Used in Wood Carving Art
Inlay: Intarsia Oyulabilecek on the nature of any material, the desired shapes carved out of the opening slots, other items, carved into a shape-cut pieces kakarak same thing, the job placement. Some parts of the wood carving of a mine or other items more valuable parts of this carved carved pieces cut to shape, by burying the pieces inlaid with marquetry gerçekleşir.Üzerinde, duties shall take place according to the architectural structures. A mosque in the doors, window shutters, pulpit, lectern, lecterns wood parts on the board, such as pearl, ivory, tortoise shell inlay as seen in, the pulpit, altar, pulpit, and the same article of the other colors on the walls of marble or stone or other materials made kakılarak jobs mümkündür.Eskiden to see the film, the bar, always some items, such as a cane decorated with inlay. Them by type of inlay, gold, silver, inlaid with mother of pearl or ivory were called. Knives, swords, daggers, shields and weapons such as guns or inlaid with gold and ornaments were made.
Painting
Tapping
Relief-carved,
Cage: (Afur Technique): Especially pulpits pulpit, this technique is sometimes seen in parts of the crown, wood beams, geometric triangles, stars and so on. is obtained by nailing together in a way that will bring. This woodwork is possible to collect the two groups.
* Simple Lattice Technique: These examples are more common. Collision between the decorative another piece added to the cage. Ankara Kızılbey, Aslanhane, Ahielvan, Beysehir Eşrafoğlu, Birgi Ulu Mosque, the pulpit railings, pulpit Aynalığında Taskinpasa Urgup, Kayseri Lala Pasha Mosque, one can see several examples of this technique in the side aynalıklarında
* Inter-Filled Cage Technique: wooden beams of this group of labor in the arabesque lattice filled polygons, stars enters. Thus, more rich-looking cages. Ankara, Aladdin, the artifact, Kayseri Huand Babe, Çorum Grand Mosque is a composition richer with foldable handrail into nested polygons.
Plated
Incineration
Dressing tool handles Shapes and Drawings:
Prepare to be carved in the form:
Figure is drawn up on paper with fine details, the drawing must be done with a fine-tipped pen. Tool handles and preparation;
a: depth of masonry should be made by the shadows on the picture. Determines the depth of the darkness of the shadow.
b. The details must be drawn up in some parts as needed.
c. Plaster and similar materials should be made in advance on the example of Fig.
d. Amateur people do engraving carved items, operating locations and methods of carving is to know well.
Intaglio Marking:
Marking meters, square, compasses, pen, draw and so on. done with the help of instruments. Shape to be drawn, carved on wood with the help of these instruments are drawn on paper or cardboard. Paper or cardboard on the image is transferred onto the material with carbon paper. Series of works marking is used cardboard. Required marking locations are determined, places unnecessary emptied so that a template is created. Shall be determined on the material extracted from the template form to be processed. Is a fine-tipped marking pen or çizecekle.
Embellishment Embellishment tool handles and shapes:
He made to decorate the surface of a flat or anything painted or unpainted relief consisting of a combination of shapes is called composition ornament. Parts of this composition is called the Motif Embellishment. Decorative patterns were as
a. Repetition of the same shape, side by side
b. Search for a repetition of the motifs with
c. Repetition of the same shape as the symmetric
d. Upgrading or reduction of the motifs
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